With more of us looking for ways to save money on our energy bills and become more environmentally friendly, interest in renewable energy systems is increasing.
If you’ve done your research into solar energy, you may have encountered both solar PV and solar thermal systems. Now, while both rooftop systems leverage the sun’s energy to generate power, this is really where their similarities end.
But what exactly is the difference between solar panels and photovoltaic panels?
How Do Solar PV Systems Work?
Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are constructed from semi-conductive materials, such as silicon, in multiple layers which establish an electric field. When the sun makes contact with this field, a small voltage is generated.
The solar panels then transport this direct current (DC) directly to an inverter, which efficiently transforms it into an alternating current (AC) which can be used by a variety of appliances within your home.
How Do Solar Thermal Systems Work?
Solar thermal panels contain tubes that are filled with liquid and transform sunlight into heat. When the sun heats the liquid in the tubes, it is directed towards a copper coil, which is then channelled to your hot water tank.
There are several other notable parts to solar thermal panel systems, including a pump which moves the liquid throughout the system. To keep systems environmentally friendly, pumps can be powered by a separate solar PV system.
Solar PV vs Solar Thermal Costs
It is only natural that costs will play a role in any decision-making process, so let’s take a look at the solar thermal vs solar PV cost breakdown.
Solar Thermal Costs
While prices will vary depending on the specific system you choose and your installation team, you can expect to pay between £3,000 and £8,000 for a solar thermal system. This price includes the costs of all required parts, including pipes and a hot water tank.
Solar PV Costs
The cost of solar thermal systems used to be considerably more affordable, however, the cost of PV systems has reduced significantly in recent years as the sector has seen more innovation and competition. Research conducted by Money Saving Expert has found that the average 2.5 kilowatt-peak system costs in the region of £7,000.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Solar PV and Solar Thermal
Now, it’s one thing to look at the overall costs associated with the purchase and installation of each system, but it’s another thing entirely to look at the bigger picture to determine which system will provide the best long-term cost-effectiveness.
So, it is worth noting here that electricity from the National Grid is significantly more costly than gas, the latter of which is generally used to heat water. This means that generating your own electricity is notably more cost-efficient, particularly over the long term.
Pros & Cons: Photovoltaic Panels vs Solar Panels
While both systems have their own distinct uses, it’s worth comparing the pros and cons of each to help you determine whether either is the right choice for you.
Efficiency
Solar thermal systems are much more efficient than solar PV systems with data showing that the average system has an efficacy percentage of between 70% and 80%. Conversely, solar PV systems are between 15% and 22% efficient when converting solar energy to heat.
Now, it is important to emphasise here that thermal energy can only be used for a single purpose; to heat water, however, energy from PV systems can be used for a range of purposes, including heating your home and charging electric vehicles. So, it is important to fully understand your personal energy needs when determining whether a renewable energy system will provide a good return on your investment.
Usage
Both PV panels and solar thermal systems effectively generate power when the sun is shining. The energy generated by thermal panels will remain effective for the length of time that the tank is able to retain heat so you may find that, particularly during the summer months, you’re generating more hot water than you can use.
If your solar PV system doesn’t have an integrated storage battery, you will need to use the electricity that your system is generating at that moment or send the excess to the National Grid as part of the Smart Export Guarantee.
Maintenance and Lifespan
As thermal solar systems have moving parts, associated maintenance costs are higher than with PV systems. These moving parts also impact the overall lifespan you can expect to achieve from your solar thermal system. So, while a thermal set-up may only last for up to 20 years, a PV system has the potential to continue operating efficiently for more than 40 years.
However, this information doesn’t necessarily mean that a solar thermal system isn’t the best option for your energy needs and your property.
In Conclusion
When weighing up your solar thermal vs photovoltaic options, it is important to work with a trusted solar energy installer equipped with the knowledge to ensure your system fully meets your energy needs.
If you’re wondering which is best for you, don’t leave it up to chance. Reach out to one of our experienced solar engineers to discuss your requirements. We’ll be happy to help.
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